Open Journal Systems

Performance Evaluation of Liquid Cooling Systems in 18650 Batteries: A Case Study of Mass Flow Rate Variations in Mini-Channel Cold Plates

       Rainer Samuel Fourlando, James Julian, Anggie Wijaya Topan, Riki Hendra Purba, Fathin Muhammad Madhudhu, Elvi Wijaya Armadani, Fitri Wahyuni

Abstract


Pengelolaan energi termal yang esensial sangat penting bagi performa optimal, keamanan, dan umur pakai baterai lithium-ion (Li-ion), yang menghasilkan panas cukup besar selama operasi. Suhu berlebih dapat menyebabkan degradasi kapasitas dan thermal runaway. Studi ini secara numerik menyelidiki kinerja termal dari sistem pendingin cair yang menggunakan mini-channel cold plate untuk sebuah modul yang terdiri dari delapan baterai Li-ion tipe 18650. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pengaruh variasi laju alir massa pendingin (air) terhadap temperatur maksimum baterai (TMAX) dan keseragaman temperatur (ΔT). Model computational fluid dynamics (CFD) yang telah divalidasi dengan data eksperimen digunakan dalam analisis ini. Tiga variasi laju alir massa disimulasikan, yaitu 0,0005 kg/s, 0,0015 kg/s, dan 0,0025 kg/s. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa sistem yang diusulkan memiliki efisiensi tinggi, mampu menjaga TMAX baterai di bawah 26,5 °C pada semua konfigurasi, dengan penurunan lebih dari 49% dibandingkan kondisi tanpa pendinginan, di mana suhu mencapai 52 °C. Laju alir massa tertinggi (0,0025 kg/s) memberikan kinerja terbaik, dengan TMAX terendah sebesar 25,83 °C serta rata-rata penurunan temperatur tertinggi sebesar 50,5%. Selain itu, konfigurasi ini juga memberikan keseragaman termal yang lebih baik dan berhasil menjaga perbedaan temperatur internal setiap sel tetap di bawah ambang kritis 5 °C. Temperatur maksimum yang dicapai dengan sistem pendingin cair ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem tidak hanya mampu mencegah thermal runaway tetapi juga berkontribusi dalam memperpanjang siklus hidup dan daya tahan baterai. Sistem pendingin ini membantu meminimalkan mekanisme degradasi termal yang umumnya mempercepat penuaan baterai.


Keywords


Pelat Pendingin; Sistem Pendingin; Baterai Lithium-ion; Laju Aliran Massa; Suhu

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